Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

Tongue Growth during Prenatal Development in Korean Fetuses and Embryos: Soo Jeong Hong, Bong Geun Cha, Yeon Sook Kim, Suk Keun Lee, Je Geun Chi; J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(6):497-510. Published online October 16, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.09.17

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Background
Prenatal tongue development may affect oral-craniofacial structures, but this muscular organ has rarely been investigated. Methods: In order to document the physiology of prenatal tongue growth, we histologically examined the facial and cranial base structures of 56 embryos and 106 fetuses. Results: In Streeter’s stages 13–14 (fertilization age [FA], 28 to 32 days), the tongue protruded into the stomodeal cavity from the retrohyoid space to the cartilaginous mesenchyme of the primitive cranial base, and in Streeter’s stage 15 (FA, 33 to 36 days), the tongue rapidly swelled and compressed the cranial base to initiate spheno-occipital synchondrosis and continued to swell laterally to occupy most of the stomodeal cavity in Streeter’s stage 16–17 (FA, 37 to 43 days). In Streeter’s stage 18–20 (FA, 44 to 51 days), the tongue was vertically positioned and filled the posterior nasopharyngeal space. As the growth of the mandible and maxilla advanced, the tongue was pulled down and protruded anteriorly to form the linguomandibular complex. Angulation between the anterior cranial base (ACB) and the posterior cranial base (PCB) was formed by the emerging tongue at FA 4 weeks and became constant at approximately 124°–126° from FA 6 weeks until birth, which was consistent with angulations measured on adult cephalograms. Conclusions: The early clockwise growth of the ACB to the maxillary plane became harmonious with the counter-clockwise growth of the PCB to the tongue axis during the early prenatal period. These observations suggest that human embryonic tongue growth affects ACB and PCB angulation, stimulates maxillary growth, and induces mandibular movement to achieve the essential functions of oral and maxillofacial structures.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Fetal Micro and Macroglossia
Natalie Koren, Shir Shust‐Barequet, Tal Weissbach, Oshrat Raviv, Samar Abu Snenh, Efrat Abraham, Tal Cahan, Vered Eisenberg, Vered Yulzari, Efrat Hadi, Laura Adamo, Shali Mazaki Tovi, Reuven Achiron, Zvi Kivilevitch, Boaz Weisz, Eran Kassif
Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.2023; 42(1): 59. CrossRef
Current data on the development of tongue in prenatal period of human ontogenesis
Tatyana A. Alekseeva, Elena D. Lutsay
Science and Innovations in Medicine.2022; 7(3): 148. CrossRef
Morphometric development of the tongue in fetal cadavers
Ahmet Dursun, Yadigar Kastamonı, Demet Kacaroglu, Neslihan Yuzbasıoglu, Tolga Ertekın
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy.2020; 42(1): 3. CrossRef
Pigmented Fungiform Papillae of the Tongue and Lingual Fimbriae as Single Presentation in Adult: A Case Report and Literature Review
Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo, Diah Savitri Ernawati, Adiastuti Endah Parmadiati, Riyan Iman Marsetyo
European Journal of Dentistry.2020; 14(04): 702. CrossRef
Tongue development in stillborns autopsied at different gestational ages
Laura S. Aguiar, Guilherme R. Juliano, Luciano A.M. Silveira, Mariana S. Oliveira, Bianca G.S. Torquato, Gabriela R. Juliano, Márcia F. Araújo, Sanivia Aparecida L. Pereira, Vicente de Paula A. Teixeira, Mara Lúcia F. Ferraz
Jornal de Pediatria.2018; 94(6): 616. CrossRef
In Utero Glossoptosis in Fetuses With Robin Sequence
Cory M. Resnick, Tessa D. Kooiman, Carly E. Calabrese, Ryne Didier, Bonnie L. Padwa, Judy A. Estroff, Maarten J. Koudstaal
The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal.2018; 55(4): 562. CrossRef
Tongue development in stillborns autopsied at different gestational ages
Laura S. Aguiar, Guilherme R. Juliano, Luciano A.M. Silveira, Mariana S. Oliveira, Bianca G.S. Torquato, Gabriela R. Juliano, Márcia F. Araújo, Sanivia Aparecida L. Pereira, Vicente de Paula A. Teixeira, Mara Lúcia F. Ferraz
Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português).2018; 94(6): 616. CrossRef
Coexisting Congenital Subglosso-palatal Membrane and Tongue Dermoid in a Neonate
Preeti Tiwari, Vaibhav Pandey, Jayanto Tapadar
Indian Pediatrics.2018; 55(12): 1087. CrossRef
Tongue harmatoma in association with cleft palate: Case report
UwakweCosmas Mba, IfeanyiIgwilo Onah
Journal of Cleft Lip Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies.2017; 4(2): 168. CrossRef

A histopathologic Study of 35 congenital Neck Cysts: Geung Hwan Ahn, Je Geun Chi, Jae Young Lee, Eui Keun Ham, Sang Kook Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1968;2(2):135-141.

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Abstract PDF: A histopathologic observation of 35 congenital cysts of the neck (19 branchial cysts and 16 thyroglossal duct cysts) obtained during a period of 10 years, 1958 to 1967, at the department of pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, is presented. The sex ratio of male and female of branchial cyst was 8: 11. The age distribution of branchial cysts showed the highest frequency in the decade of 21-30 (36.9%) and also considerably high frequencies in the decade of 11-20(31.5%). Branchial cysts were usually located along theanterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and above or below the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the lateral aspect of the neck. Microscopically there observed stratified squamous epithelial linings in 68.4% of the total cases and lymphoid tissues in 89.5%, among which sinusoids are noted in 78.9% of the cases. The sex ratio of male and female of thyroglossal duct cyst was 3:5. The age distribution of the thyroglossal duct cyst showed the highest frequency in the decade of 0-10(31.3%) and also considerably high frequency in the decade 21-30 (25.0%). The thyroglossal duct cysts were usually located in the median portion of the anterior aspect of the neck. Microscopical1y stratified squamous linings are observed in 37.5% of the cases and pseudostratified ciliated columnar in 31.3%. No lymphoid tissues are reserved and there are noted normal thyroid follicles in the cyst wall in 37.5% of the cases.

Conjoined Twins -Two Autopsy Cases Report-: Geung Hwait Ahn, Je Geun Chi, Jin Ho Lee, Sang Kook Lee, Hong Taek Kim, Kyung Ho Chun; Korean J Cytopathol. 1969;3(2):51-57.

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Abstract PDF: The term "conjoined twins" is usually applied to twins who have some variety of anatomical union. We have the opportunity to study two cases of conjoined twine at the Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University. The first case is cephalothoracopagus syncephalus, which was one of live-born binovular triplets delivered from a 33-years-old multiparous Korean woman at 32 weeks of gestation period. The second case is dicephalus dipus tribrachius, which was still-born uniovular twin delivered from a 31-years-old multiparous Korean woman at 36 weeks of gestation period. Review of the literature conscerning the classification, etiology and prognosis of the conjoined twins was attempted.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis: A Clinico-Cytological Review of 10 Cases with Immunocytochemical Analysis.: Eun Hee Suh, Seong Hoe Park, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Cytopathol. 2008;19(1):27-33.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3338/kjc.2008.19.1.27

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Abstract PDF: Although subacute granulomatous thyroiditis(SGT) is usually diagnosed clinically, papillary carcinoma or other thyroid conditions must be considered in the differential diagnosis. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and fine-needle aspiration(FNA) cytologic findings seen in 10 SGT cases to decide what are the most reliable cytologic findings and the most helpful molecular tools for reaching a confident cytologic diagnosis. The most representative smear slides were retrieved to perform immunocytochemistry for cytokeratin19(CK19) and Ret protein. Five papillary carcinomas(PTCs) were included as controls. The constant and typical cytologic findings of SGT were multinucleated giant cells(MGCs) (100%), epithelioid granulomas(90%), an inflammatory dirty background(90%) and plump transformed follicular cells(80%) without fire-flare cells, oncocytic cells or transformed lymphocytes. The immunoreactivities for CK19(37.5%) and Ret(10%) of the follicular cells of SGT were less than those(CK19 and Ret:100%) of PTC. CK19 immunoreactivity of the MGCs was seen in only one case of PTC. There was no significant difference between CK19 and Ret immunocytochemical staining for the MGCs of both SGT and PTC. The results of this study demonstrate that the cytological diagnosis of SGT can be improved by employing a combination of the typical and constant diagnostic cytological features and immunocytochemical results.

Review

Cytological Diagnosis of Lung Cancer: The Diagnostic Accuracy and Pitfalls.: Hyun Sook Chi, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Cytopathol. 2008;19(1):1-8.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3338/kjc.2008.19.1.1

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Abstract PDF

The role of respiratory cytology is to detect and classify pulmonary disease, with an emphasis of neoplastic disease, so that proper therapy can be instituted. As in many branches of cytology, the recognition of malignancy in the cells obtained from the respiratory tract is more straightforward than identifying the type of tumor cell. It is important to accurately determine the true cytopathological cell type in cases of primary lung cancer and to know the accuracy of the diagnosis achieved by the cytological procedures. The well differentiated tumors have characteristic cytoplasmic and nuclear abnormalities that enable physicians to firmly categorize these lesions, as in squamous cell or adenocarcinoma, but some moderately and most poorly differentiated tumors show few distinctive features. This article reviews the malignant and reactive pulmonary cytologic findings and we also report on some of their pitfalls and the cytologic criteria.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Gingiva from the Lung: A Case Report
Tack Kune You, So Ri Kim, Ho Sung Park, Kyu Yun Jang, Woo Sung Moon, Myoung Ja Chung, Dong Geun Lee, Myoung Jae Kang
Korean Journal of Pathology.2012; 46(1): 101. CrossRef

Original Articles

Infantile Myofibromatosis(Congenital Generalized Fibromatosis): Associated with multiple congenital malformations and basaloid follicular hamartomas in the skin.: Eun Sook Nam, Yoo Hun Kim, Han Kyeom Kim, Insun Kim, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(6):776-782.

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Abstract PDF: Infantile myofibromatosis with systemic involvement is a very rare disease and is characterized by numerous nodules composed of spindle cells of a myofibroblastic nature. There are often disseminated throughout the subcutis, muscle, skeleton and viscera. We report an autopsy case of infantile myofibromatosis in a stillborn female fetus of 32 weeks of gestation. The nodules, Imm to 2 cm, were found over the whole body and viscera. The involved viscera were the heart, tongue, esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, portal areas of the liver, spleen anc pancreas. There were also associated malformations, viz., frontal meningoencephalocele, flexion defer-mities, syndactyly, cleft palate, agenesis of corpus callosum, pachygyria, diaphragmatic hemia, renal hypoplasia, etc. Multiple basaloid follicular hamartomas of the skin were noted on the face and extremeties. There are no previous reports in the literature of infantile myofibromatosis in conjunction with the above skin lesion and congenital malformations.

Application of the Revised Case Matrix Format to Tutorial in Pathology Teaching: An Interim Approach toward Problem-Based Learning under Traditional Curricular Structure.: Yong Il Kim, Chong Jai Kim, Gee Young Kim, Chul Woo Kim, Woo Ho Kim, Ja June Jang, Je Geun Chi, Gyeong Hoon Kang, Myeong Cherl Kook, Jung Sun Kim, Tae Sook Kim, Gee Young Kwon, So Dug Lim; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(8):570-661.

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Abstract: This paper describes a student-centered case study program concerning the tumor pathology course for first year students in medical school under the traditional curricular structure. A traditional, discipline-oriented, lecture-laboratory approach was partly modified by introducing a tutuorial session using a modified case matrix format during the laboratory hours without altering the general scheme of the existing system. Small group tutorial sessions were set with the development of learning objectives emphasizing clinicopathologic reasoning and early exposure to future practical presentation which was followed by the large class session; each tutorial was supplied with a short clinical history, gross kodachrome slides, and microslides. The session for problem identification was replaced by proving a series of instructor-designed questions for both pathology and interdisciplinary correlation during which pedagogical implication was stressed the most. Student's active participation, development of self learning skill and vigorous teaching-learning process among students, and motivation/relevance for forthcoming pathology study were among the benefits conferred by this modification. We conclude that this approach is an interim step to meet the advantages of problem-based learning even in a traditional curricular structure.

Case Report

Intraabdominal Heterotopic Thymus: Report of an autopsy case.: Hye Seung Han, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(11):1057-1059.

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Abstract PDF: Ectopic thymus results from the aberrant migration of thymic tissue and is mostly present in the mediastinum, the base of the skull, the tracheal bifurcation and the cervical region. We report the first case of intraabdominal heterotopic thymus incidentally detected and attached to the liver without associated anomalies. This fetus was sent to the Department without any clinical information. The fetus was small for gestational age, but had no external abnormalities. Each organ showed normal development except for the liver. The liver weighed 6 gm(normal 17.064+/-4.143 gm). Gray white heterotopic thymus was attached to the superior surface of the liver in the subdiaphragmatic area. It measured 1.1x0.6x0.5 cm. There was no diaphragmatic defect. The cervical thymic tissue near the thyroid was small and measured 0.2 gm(normal 0.927+/-0.485 gm). There was no thymic tissue in the anterior superior mediastinum. The histologic features of the heterotopic thymus were identical to the orthotopic thymus showing features appropriate for the gestational age. The origin of this subdiaphragmatic heterotopic thymus is speculated.

Original Article

Congenital Cystic Disease of the Kidney overview and a classification.: Mee Joo, Yeon Mee Kim, Chong Jai Kim, Yeon Lim Suh, Jeong Wook Seo, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(3):233-243.

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Abstract PDF: The congenital renal cystic disease encompasses a complex group of pathologic and clinical entities. We retrospectively reviewed 42 cases of congenital renal cystic lesions classified into four Potter types in a series of 2,063 consecutive autopsies from 1981 to 1996. According to our study based on morphologic, clinical, genetic features and associated anomalies, type I and III are relatively compatible with Potter's original definition. However, it was reasonable that type II and IV are classified to the same group because of: 1) very similar histologic findings representing dysplastic kidney, 2) many associated anomalies, 3) no evidence of inheritance, and 4) presence of a combined type. Syndrome associated cysts, such as Meckel-Gruber syndrome, were also separately classified. If the dysplastic evidence was insufficient for diagnosis to the dysplastic kidney in type II and IV, then these cases would be better classified into a cystic disease associated with congenital hydronephrosis. We propose a classification of the congenital cystic disease of the kidney to be: 1) dysplastic kidney, 2) cystic disease associated with congenital hydronephrosis, 3) polycystic kidney, and 4) syndromic cystic disease.

Case Reports

Achondrogenesis Type 2: An autopsy case.: Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, Soo Kee Min, Hee Jeung Cha, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(5):482-488.

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Abstract PDF: Achondrogenesis type 2 is a lethal form of congenital skeletal dysplasia characterized by severe short-limbed dwarfism, decreased vertebral ossification and normal ossification of the skull. We report an autopsy case of achondrogenesis type 2 in a female fetus terminated at 29 weeks of gestation. External morphology revealed a relatively large head, short upper and lower extremities, short neck, and distended abdomen. The x-ray finding showed normal calvarial ossification, hypoplastic ilium and unossified ischium, and metaphyseal flares of the femur and tibia. Histologically, chondrocytes were large and irregular with increased vascularity.

Intrapulmonary Cystic Lymphangioma.: Mi Yeong Jeon, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(5):492-494.

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Abstract PDF: Solitary intrapulmonary cystic lymphangioma in newborn or infant is an extremely rare disease. We describe a case of solitary intrapulmonary cystic lymphangioma in a 4-month-old boy with dyspnea and tachypnea. It was in the left lower lobe and type 1 congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation was suspected radiologically. The resected cyst was unilocular with a thin wall, and was 9.5cm in size. Histologically, the cyst was lined by flattened endothelial cells supported by a minimal fibrous stroma.

Original Article

Clinicopathological Analysis on the 104 Cases of Malignant Melanoma.: Kye Yong Song, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Kwang Hyun Cho, Je Geun Chi, Eui Geun Ham; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(6):566-573.

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Abstract PDF: The cliniopathological analysis was done on the 104 cases of malignant melanoma diagnosed at the Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) from 1984 to 1993. The basic clinical data and the pathological items were based on the New Mexico Melanoma Registry Worksheet. The results were as follows. The male to female ratio was 1 : 0.79. Primary cutaneous melanoma was more common in the male (M : F=1 : 0.56) but primary extracutaneous melanoma with slight female dominancy (M : F=1 : 1.25). The peak age was the 6th decade in both cutaneous and extracutaneous malignant melanoma. In 66% (35 cases) of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma, the primary site was located in the acral area (including cases of acral lentiginous and nodular type), of which 63% (41% of total cutaneous melanoma) was acral lentiginous type. Major components of tumor cells were epithelioid. Clark's level of tumor was III or more at the time of the first visit in the majority of the cases (85%). The incidence rate of extracutaneous melanoma was 34.6% (36 cases) among the primary melanoma, and the eyeball (17.3%) was the most prevalent organ. All these features suggest that the racial difference between the Korean and the Caucasian is evident and also that etiologic role of sun damage is not quite marked in the Korean. We also suggest that an early detection program is very important to cure this malignant tumor.

Case Reports

Cystic Struma Ovarii Mimicking Adenomatous Goiter of the Thyroid.: Kee Taek Jang, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(7):692-694.

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Abstract PDF: Struma ovarii, the most common monodennal teratoma of the ovary, causes diverse problems in differential diagnosis. The literature on the pathology of struma ovarii has focused principally on the problem of formulating criteria of malignancy. In contrast, unusual gross and microscopic features of struma ovarii and its resultant problems in differential diagnosis have received relatively little attention. We report an ovarian teratoma which was almost entirely cystic, causing the diagnosis of struma to be overlooked. The removed ovarian tumor showed all the features of adenomatous goiter of the thyroid gland. The lining epithelium of the cysts was frequently flattened, and the follicles in the cyst wall were few and atrophic. The patient was a 58-year-old woman who was found to have an ovarian tumor by routine monographic examination

Multilocular Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma.: Myoung Jin Ju, Kee Tac Jang, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(11):1240-1243.

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Abstract: Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma is a distinct subtype of renal cell carcinoma with its pathological characteristics and good prognosis. Multilocular renal cysts and renal cell carcinoma with cystic change are important differential diagnoses. We report a case of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma in a 37-year-old woman who came to the hospital because of the right renal mass. The removed right kidney showed a 6x4 cm well defined cystic mass in the lower pole. On cut section there were multiple cavities in the mass, filled with serosanguineous fluid and focal yellowish solid area. Microscopically, these cysts were lined by a single layer of flat or cuboidal cells consisted of clear cytoplasm with small central nuclei. In some portions of the tumor, the clear neoplastic cells formed sheets within the septa or walls of the cysts.

Original Article

Cystic Hygroma of the Neck Pathologic study of 26 autopsy cases.: Yeon Lim Suh, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(12):1256-1263.

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Abstract PDF: Cystic hygroma is a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system appearing single or multiloculated fluid-filled cavities, most often around the neck. They often progress to hydrops and cause fetal death, and frequently associated with chromosomal abnormalities and other congenital malformations. The purpose of our study is to delineate the nature of cystic hygroma and determine the relationship between cystic hygroma and associated anomalies including fetal hydrops. We used data from 26 cases of cervical cystic hygroma in autopsy files of SNU Children's Hospital. Most of cystic hygroma were found in stillborn or premature infants. The fetal cases had been dead for a quite a long period since there was discrepancy between the true gestational age and the developmental age estimated from the body length. Of 26 fetuses only 2 were studied chromosomally and both of them showed 45X. Of 26 cystic hygromas 23 occurred in the posterior neck and 3 in the anterior neck. They ranged from 2.5 to 14 cm (mean: 7.9 cm). The cystic hygroma of the posterior neck consisted of two symmetric sacs on both sides and in the nape and extended to the occipital region. The cystic hygromas of the anterior neck were unilateral or bilateral, and multiloculated and extended into the adjacent cheek. Cystic hygromas of posterior neck were always associated with hydrops, while no recognizable hydrops was found in cystic hygromas of anterior neck. The cystic hygromas were larger in patients with severe hydrops than in patients with less severe hydrops. Associated abnormalities, found in 88%, included hydrops fetalis(88%), growth retardation(80%), cardiovascular anomalies(27%), horseshoe kidney(23%), skeletal anomalies(12%) and hypoxic changes(31%) in visceral organs. In summary, when a hygroma is detected during fetal life, careful sonographic examination for associated congenital anomalies, fetal karyotyping and consideration of artificial abortion are indicated.

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